Assessing Content Assimilation in Health Research Methodology: A Comparative Study of Lecture and Flipped Classroom Instruction / Evaluación de la asimilación de contenidos en la metodología de investigación en salud: un estudio comparativo de la conferencia y la instrucción en el aula invertida

Virtual education has evolved significantly, driven by the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Sciences, with their practical components, present unique challenges in virtual education, including maintaining student engagement. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the flipped learning methodology with and without in-class content reinforcement in a virtual classroom for previously assimilated materials within Health Sciences. The study involved students in a Kinesiology program using the Blackboard Learn platform. Two groups were established: one completing a questionnaire at the beginning of the virtual class (FLI group) and the other at the end following a content reinforcement session (FLI+TRA group). While no statistically significant score differences were found between the two groups, the FLI+TRA group showed higher pass rates and improved average scores, indicating practical benefits. These results suggest that combining flipped learning with traditional in-class instruction can enhance content assimilation in virtual education, fostering increased student engagement and participation. However, further research is needed to explore the full implications and adaptability of this approach. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the FLI+TRA approach to improve learning outcomes in complex subjects like Epistemology and Research Methodology within Health Sciences. As virtual education continues to evolve, educators should consider this hybrid teaching model as a valuable tool to provide a more holistic and effective learning experience (AU)

La educación virtual ha evolucionado significativamente, impulsada por la integración de recursos de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), especialmente durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Las Ciencias de la Salud, con sus componentes prácticos, presentan desafíos únicos en la educación virtual, incluida la retención del interés de los estudiantes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la efectividad de la metodología de aprendizaje invertido (flipped learning) con y sin refuerzo de contenido en clase en un aula virtual para materiales previamente asimilados en Ciencias de la Salud. El estudio involucró a estudiantes de un programa de Kinesiología utilizando la plataforma Blackboard Learn. Se establecieron dos grupos: uno completando un cuestionario al comienzo de la clase virtual (grupo FLI) y otro al final después de una sesión de refuerzo de contenido en clase (grupo FLI+TRA). Aunque no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las puntuaciones entre los dos grupos, el grupo FLI+TRA mostró tasas de aprobación más altas y puntajes promedio mejorados, lo que indica beneficios prácticos. Estos resultados sugieren que la combinación de aprendizaje invertido con instrucción tradicional en clase puede mejorar la asimilación de contenido en la educación virtual, fomentando un mayor compromiso y participación de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para explorar las implicaciones y la adaptabilidad completas de este enfoque. En conclusión, este estudio resalta el potencial del enfoque FLI+TRA para mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje en materias complejas como Epistemología y Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud. A medida que la educación virtual continúa evolucionando, los educadores deben considerar este modelo de enseñanza híbrido como una herramienta valiosa para proporcionar una experiencia de aprendizaje más holística y efectiva (AU)

Razonamiento clínico en carreras de la salud: percepción de estudiantes y docentes / The perception of teachers and students about clinical reasoning in health care careers

BACKGROUND: Clinical reasoning (CR) is a training mainstay in health care careers. AIM: To describe the perception of students and teachers about the development of clinical CR in Kinesiology and Dentistry careers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exploratory descriptive qualitative study, with 12 informants (six teachers and six students), applying a script of questions through a semi-structured interview. A thematic inductive data analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-five meaning units, 38 codes, seven subcategories and three categories were collected. CR was reported as a basic analysis process in health care training. Its necessary elements are knowledge, a learning environment and a facilitator teacher, among others. Motivation, analysis models, variability and exposure are reported as facilitating factors for the development of CR. Teacher paternalism, resistance to change and few learning opportunities are presented as obstacles. Active strategies such as clinical cases, simulation and clinical practice are perceived as facilitators for the development of CR. Those situations where the student does not assume a leading role such as lectures and activities in large groups, are considered as obstacles. CONCLUSIONS: Both students and teachers point to CR as an analysis process that is indispensable in both careers. Exposure to variable educational experiences through active educational strategies in small groups encourages CR.

Auxetic structures used in kinesiology tapes can improve form-fitting and personalization.

Each year 65% of young athletes and 25% of physically active adults suffer from at least one musculoskeletal injury that prevents them from continuing with physical activity, negatively influencing their physical and mental well-being. The treatment of musculoskeletal injuries with the adhesive elastic kinesiology tape (KT) decreases the recovery time. Patients can thus recommence physical exercise earlier. Here, a novel KT based on auxetic structures is proposed to simplify the application procedure and allow personalization. This novel KT exploits the form-fitting property of auxetics as well as their ability to simultaneously expand in two perpendicular directions when stretched. The auxetic contribution is tuned by optimizing the structure design using analytical equations and experimental measurements. A reentrant honeycomb topology is selected to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. Prototypes of auxetic KT to treat general elbow pains and muscle tenseness in the forearm are developed.

Mejorando la elaboración de las hipótesis iniciales para el razonamiento clínico diagnóstico en estudiantes de kinesiología: una propuesta metodológica / Improving the development of initial hypotheses for clinical diagnostic reasoning in physical therapy students: a methodological proposal

El Razonamiento Clínico es un proceso fundamental para identificar los déficits en un paciente y formular un diagnóstico kinesiológico. El objetivo de este estudio es describir parte de la metodología y sus resultados, en el marco del curso de Razonamiento Clínico de la carrera de Kinesiología en la Universidad Finis Terrae, para mejorar el proceso de formulación de hipótesis iniciales para la evaluación kinesiológica. MUESTRA : MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Los estudiantes fueron evaluados según la cantidad, coherencia y sintaxis de estas hipótesis iniciales, además de los dominios a los que pertenecían, al inicio y al final de la intervención que consistió en 3 actividades (2 clases presenciales y un informe de actividad de campo clínico). Las clases presenciales tenían como temas la Clasificación Internacional de la Funcionalidad, Salud y Enfermedad (CIF) de la OMS, y su rol en el razonamiento clínico diagnóstico; y la importancia de las hipótesis iniciales dentro del modelo hipotético deductivo de razonamiento y cómo escribirlas, junto con el uso de una herramienta (una "Tabla Hipocrática Modificada") para sistematizar la formulación de hipótesis iniciales con respecto a déficit en estructuras corporales. El informe de campo clínico integró todo lo anterior durante la evaluación de un paciente real. RESULTADOS La evaluación final mostró un aumento significativo en la cantidad (promedio ± DS inicial 10,1 ± 8,57, final 27 ± 9,23, p < 0,001) de hipótesis planteadas y en su coherencia con respecto a la información disponible. CONCLUSIÓN La sistematización descrita para la formulación de hipótesis diagnósticas en los estudiantes de kinesiología resulta en una mayor cantidad y calidad en sus hipótesis, validando esta metodología para la enseñanza inicial del razonamiento clínico diagnóstico en kinesiología

Clinical Reasoning is a fundamental process to identify deficits in a patient and state a diagnosis. The goal of this study is to describe part of the methodology and its results, within the framework of the Clinical Reasoning course of the Kinesiology career at Finis Terrae University, implemented to improve the process of formulating initial hypotheses for kinesiological evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The students were evaluated according to the quantity, coherence and syntax of these initial hypotheses, in addition to the domains to which they belonged, at the beginning and at the end of the intervention that consisted of 3 activities (2 face-to-face classes and an activity report). The face-to-face classes had as topics the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disease (ICF), WHO, and its role in diagnostic clinical reasoning; and the importance of initial hypotheses within the hypothetical deductive model of reasoning and how to write them, together with the use of a tool (a "Modified Hippocratic Table") to methodize the formulation of initial hypotheses regarding deficits in body structures. The report integrated all of the above during the evaluation of a real patient. RESULTS The final evaluation showed a significant increase in the quantity (mean ± initial SD 10.1±8.57, final 27±9.23, p < 0.001) of hypotheses raised and in their consistency to the available information. Conclusion: The Systematization described for formulating diagnostic hypotheses in kinesiology students results in a greater quantity and quality of their hypotheses, validating this methodology for the initial teaching of diagnostic clinical reasoning in kinesiology.

Percepción de los estudiantes de kinesiología ante el uso de la creación, edición y revisión de vídeos como metodología para el aprendizaje de la anatomía / Kinesiology students' perception of the use of video creation, edition and review as a methodology for learning anatomy

Introducción: La enseñanza de la anatomía humana ha sufrido cambios en las últimas décadas, y ha pasado de métodos tradicionales que se centraban en la disección de cadáveres al uso de las herramientas tecnológicas disponibles en la actualidad. Muchos son los recursos tecnológicos utilizados; sin embargo, no es frecuente incorporar al estudiante en su creación. Aprender haciendo es un método activo para lograr aprendizajes profundos y significativos.Objetivo.Evaluar la incorporación de vídeos creados por los estudiantes como recurso didáctico para el aprendizaje de la anatomía humana.Materiales y métodos.Los estudiantes elaboraron un vídeo en relación con las temáticas trabajadas en el curso de Anatomía Humana II. En la intervención pedagógica participaron 40 estudiantes de kinesiología de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción. La percepción de los estudiantes se obtuvo a través de una encuesta de percepción, que respondió el 82,5% de los participantes. El análisis de los datos se realizó basado en un estudio cuantitativo de carácter descriptivo.Resultados.El 82,8% de los estudiantes percibe que participar en la elaboración y la creación de recursos didácticos, como los vídeos, favorece su aprendizaje; un 72%, que contribuye a la autorregulación; y un 93% valora el papel del docente como facilitador y apoyo para su aprendizaje.ConclusiónLa elaboración y la creación de vídeos por parte de los estudiantes favorecen un aprendizaje activo y la motivación, y desarrollan la autorregulación en el estudiante. (AU)

Introduction: The teaching of human anatomy has undergone changes in recent decades, going from traditional methods that focused on the dissection of cadavers to the use of technological tools available today. There are many technological resources used, however, it is not frequent to incorporate the student in their creation. Learning by doing is an active method of achieving deep and meaningful learning.Objective.Evaluate the incorporation of videos created by students as a didactic resource for learning human anatomy.Materials and methods.The students made a video in relation to the topics covered in the human anatomy course. 40 Kinesiology students from the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción participated in the pedagogical intervention. The perception of the students was obtained through a perception survey, which was answered by 82.5% of the participants. The data analysis was carried out based on a descriptive quantitative study.Results.82.8% of students perceive that participating in the development and creation of teaching resources, such as videos, favors their learning, over 72% that it contributes to self-regulation and 93% value the role of the teacher as facilitator and support for their learning.Conclusion.The development and creation of videos by students favors active learning, motivation and develops self-regulation in the student. (AU)

[The perception of teachers and students about clinical reasoning in health care careers]. / Razonamiento clínico en carreras de la salud: percepción de estudiantes y docentes.

BACKGROUND: Clinical reasoning (CR) is a training mainstay in health care careers. AIM: To describe the perception of students and teachers about the development of clinical CR in Kinesiology and Dentistry careers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Exploratory descriptive qualitative study, with 12 informants (six teachers and six students), applying a script of questions through a semi-structured interview. A thematic inductive data analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-five meaning units, 38 codes, seven subcategories and three categories were collected. CR was reported as a basic analysis process in health care training. Its necessary elements are knowledge, a learning environment and a facilitator teacher, among others. Motivation, analysis models, variability and exposure are reported as facilitating factors for the development of CR. Teacher paternalism, resistance to change and few learning opportunities are presented as obstacles. Active strategies such as clinical cases, simulation and clinical practice are perceived as facilitators for the development of CR. Those situations where the student does not assume a leading role such as lectures and activities in large groups, are considered as obstacles. CONCLUSIONS: Both students and teachers point to CR as an analysis process that is indispensable in both careers. Exposure to variable educational experiences through active educational strategies in small groups encourages CR.

Go tani and his influence on the kinesiology field in the brazilian scientific context / Go tani e sua influência no campo da cinesiologia no contexto científico brasileiro

ABSTRACT This study aimed to group some perspectives on Go Tani's epistemological activity in the context of Brazilian Physical Education (PE), establishing his contributions and reflections on Kinesiology for the structuring of undergraduate and graduate Physical Education in Brazil. This is a bibliographical and exploratory study, which prioritized Tani's production on the most varied platforms and the materials that circulated about Kinesiology in national and international literature. Finally, through the theoretical review, it was possible to identify that the PE field is a scenario full of disputes and that even with the transformations of paradigms that infer the legitimate alternatives in the scientific context, the relationships that are established between the different schools of PE thought have erupted in a process of mutual incomprehension that contributes to the circularity of perspectives and the maintenance of beliefs in the field.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou agrupar algumas perspectivas sobre a atividade epistemológica de Go Tani no contexto da Educação Física (EF) brasileira, estabelecendo suas contribuições e reflexões a partir da Cinesiologia para a estruturação da graduação e da pós-graduação em Educação Física no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e exploratório, o qual priorizou a produção de Tani nas mais variadas plataformas, bem como os materiais que circularam sobre a Cinesiologia na literatura nacional e internacional. Por fim, através da referida revisão teórica, foi possível identificar que o campo da EF é um cenário repleto de disputas e que mesmo com as transformações dos paradigmas que inferem nas alternativas legítimas no contexto científico, as relações que são estabelecidas entre as distintas escolas de pensamento da EF têm eclodido num processo de interincompreensão que contribui com a circularidade de perspectivas e a manutenção de crenças no campo.

Conceptual physical education: A course for the future.

The conceptual physical education (CPE) innovation began in the mid-20th century as an alternative approach to college-level, activity-only basic instruction classes. In addition to physical activity sessions, CPE courses (classes) use text material and classroom sessions to teach kinesiology concepts and principles of health-related fitness and health-enhancing physical activity. CPE courses are now offered in nearly all college programs as either required or electives classes. Two decades later, the high school CPE innovation began, and Kindergarten-8 programs followed. In this commentary, I argue that historian Roberta Park was correct in her assessment that physical education has the potential to be the renaissance field of the 21st century. Scientific contributions of researchers in kinesiology will lead the way, but science-based CPE and companion fitness education programs that align with physical education content standards and fitness education benchmarks will play a significant role. CPE courses have been shown to be effective in promoting knowledge, attitudes, and out-of-school physical activity and have the potential to elevate physical education as we chart the course of our future.

Opinión de estudiantes de kinesiología relacionado con precauciones estándar, vista de enfermería / Opinion of kinesiology students related to standard precautions, nursing view

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las precauciones estándar corresponden a un grupo de prácticas de prevención de infecciones que se aplican en la atención a todos los pacientes, tiene como objetivo prevenir la transmisión cruzada de microorganismos entre pacientes. OBJETIVO: Develar la opinión de las/os estudiantes de Kinesiología de la Universidad Mayor-Temuco con relación a las Precauciones Estándar. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, estudio intrínseco de caso, la muestra no probabilística, intencionada: 12 sujetos estudiante de kinesiología 2018; criterio de inclusión: haber aprobado la asignatura de Cuidados Básicos del Enfermo; recogida de datos: entrevistas en profundidad, se utilizaron notas de campo y se manejó el método de comparación constante, además esquema de la reducción progresiva. RESULTADOS: Para la categoría de significado de precauciones estándar surge medida de protección y seguridad para usuario y tratante; para precauciones estándar utilizadas en prácticas clínicas emerge las subcategorías de elementos y técnicas de barrera en forma análoga nace como categoría aplicabilidad de precauciones estándar de ella se desprenden campos clínicos, eventos clínicos del usuario y técnicas y procedimientos; para la categoría factores facilitadores: docente y estudiantes; en tanto factores obstaculizadores: curriculum. CONCLUSIONES: En los estudiantes existe un conocimiento deficiente y conceptos aislados sobre PE, utilizan principalmente guantes y lavado de manos; menor grado uso de mascarilla y pechera. Destaca positivamente conocimiento docente; factores obstaculizadores: aspectos teóricos deficientes curriculares; considerar modificaciones curriculares en aspectos conceptuales y procedimentales.

BACKGROUND: the standard precautions correspond to a group of infection prevention practices that are applied in the care of all patients, it aims to prevent the cross-transmission of microoganisms between patiens. OBJETIVE: to reveal the opinion of Kinesiology students at the Universidad Mayor-Temuco regarding standard precautions. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, intrinsic case study, non-probabilistic sample, intentional: 12 subjects, kinesiology student of the year 2018; For data collection, in-depth interviews were used, field notes and the constant comparison method were used, in addition to the progressive reduction scheme. RESULTS: 173 units of meaning emerge, for the category of meaning of standard precautions, protection and security measure for user and trafficker arises; For standard precautions used in clinical practices, the subcategories of barrier elements and techniques emerge, the most mentioned, in an analogous way, the applicability of standard precautions is born as a category of clinical fields, clinical events of the user and techniques and procedures; for the category facilitating factors: teacher and student are the least mentioned; as impeding factors: curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: There is a deficient knowledge and isolated concepts about SP, mainly use gloves and hand washing; less degree the use of masks and scrubs. It is positively highlighted teacher's knowledge, and some of the hindering factors are the lack of theoretical aspects of the curriculum and the consideration for curriculum modifications to compensate conceptual and procedural aspects.

Emociones académicas frente al proceso de evaluación de aprendizajes en estudiantes de kinesiología / Academic emotions on the learning evaluation process in kinesiology students

INTRODUCCIÓN: La línea de trabajo sobre las emociones en el aprendizaje y su relación con el logro académico considera las emociones como motivadoras o residuales del aprendizaje intelectual-cognitivo y busca determinar el papel o la función de las emociones como formadoras del aprendizaje. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las diferencias de la emoción del logro académico frente a distintos momentos evaluativos en estudiantes de kinesiología. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño observacional, temporalidad transversal y alcance correlacional. Se incluyó a 238 estudiantes regulares de primer a quinto año pertenecientes a la carrera de kinesiología de una universidad privada de la provincia de Concepción. A todos ellos se les aplicó el cuestionario de emociones de prueba. RESULTADOS: Se hallaron puntuaciones más altas para las emociones positivas y más bajas para las emociones negativas. Los estudiantes muestran un promedio estadísticamente significativo más elevado en la emoción de disfrute y esperanza antes de la evaluación. Emociones como el orgullo, la vergüenza y el enojo muestran variabilidad en el eje temporal que rodea al hito evaluativo y muestran una disminución significativa posterior a la rendición de una evaluación. No se encontraron diferencias de las emociones entre hombres o mujeres, grupos etarios o el curso de los estudiantes. CONCLUSIÓN: Es imperativo que los educadores en kinesiología consideren el aprendizaje emocional que emana junto con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y se transformen en facilitadores del entorno educativo, para que sus estudiantes puedan identificar de forma precisa sus emociones, las definan y puedan regularlas en los distintos momentos evaluativos

INTRODUCTION: The line of work on emotions in learning and its relationship with academic achievement considers emotions as motivating or residual of intellectual-cognitive learning and seeks to determine the role or function of emotions as formators of learning. AIM: To evaluate the differences in the student's emotion of academic achievement versus different evaluative moments in kinesiology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study had a quantitative approach, with observational design, transverse temporality and correlational scope. 238 regular first to fifth year students belonging to the kinesiology degree at a private university in the Province of Concepción were included. The Test Emotions Questionnaire was applied to all of them. RESULTS: Higher scores were found for positive emotions and lower scores for negative emotions. Students show a statistically significant higher average in the emotion of enjoyment and hope before the assessment. Emotions such as pride, shame, and anger show variability in the time axis surrounding the assessment milestone, showing a significant decrease after the assessment was completed. No differences in emotions were found between men or women, age groups or the students' course. CONCLUSION: It is imperative that kinesiology educators consider the emotional learning that emanates along with the teaching-learning process and become facilitators of the educational environment, so that their students can accurately identify their emotions, define them and regulate them in the different evaluative moments

Aprendizaje basado en equipos en una asignatura profesionalizante de una escuela de kinesiología / Team based learning in a professionalizing course of a kinesiology school

INTRODUCCIÓN: A medida que los estudiantes progresan, pueden ir convergiendo su capacitación y sus proyectos profesionales. El aprendizaje basado en equipos (ABE) ha demostrado ser una herramienta valiosa en la educación superior, que favorece procesos reflexivos de forma individual y mediante trabajo colaborativo. OBJETIVO: Describir la implementación de la metodología de ABE en una asignatura profesionalizante de kinesiología. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo. La asignatura pertenece al sexto semestre de un total de 10 semestres en la carrera de kinesiología. El curso cuenta con tres tipos de evaluación: prueba escrita teórica, evaluación de proyecto en salud y evaluación de actividades de taller; en esta última se integró la metodología ABE. Participaron 65 estudiantes distribuidos en 12 equipos. RESULTADOS: El rendimiento grupal y el de la evaluación final fueron más altos que el rendimiento individual en el contexto de una asignatura profesionalizante. CONCLUSIÓN: La implementación de la metodología ABE puede generar mejora del rendimiento académico en actividades de trabajo en equipo dentro del contexto de una asignatura profesionalizante de ciencias de la salud; ello resulta muy relevante porque es en estos niveles donde se presenta la máxima necesidad de aprendizaje reflexivo en los estudiantes con motivo de resolver un problema o necesidad en situaciones de salud

INTRODUCTION: As students progress, they can take convergence between training and their professional projects. Team based learning (TBL) has proven to be a valuable tool in higher education, which favors reflective processes individually and through collaborative work. AIM: To describe the implementation of TBL's methodology in a professionalizing course of Kinesiology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study of quantitative approach and descriptive scope. The subject belongs to the sixth semester of a total of 10 semesters in the Kinesiology degree. The course has three types of evaluation: theoretical written test, project evaluation in health and evaluation of workshop activities, in the latter the TBL's methodology was integrated. 65 students distributed in 12 teams participated. RESULTS: The group performance and that of the final evaluation were higher than the individual performance in the context of a professionalizing subject. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the TBL's methodology can generate improvement of academic performance in teamwork activities within the context of a professionalizing course in health sciences, being highly relevant because it is at these levels that there is the greatest need for reflective learning in students in order to solve a problem or need in health situations

Percepción del ambiente educacional en estudiantes de pregrado de la carrera de Kinesiología: metodología mixta / Educational environment perception in Physiotherapy undergraduate students: Mixed methodology

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: El ambiente educacional (AE) ha cobrado relevancia en las últimas décadas debido al impacto que produce en el proceso de aprendizaje, vida social y futuro laboral de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este proyecto es medir la percepción del AE en estudiantes de pregrado de la carrera de Kinesiología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó metodología mixta. Componente cuantitativo: se aplicó el cuestionario Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) del 1.er al 4.° año. Componente cualitativo: con base en el análisis de preguntas abiertas. Se describen los ítems, dominios y puntaje global del DREEM mediante promedios y desviación estándar. Análisis estadísticos con t de Student para muestras independientes y ANOVA (más de 2 cohortes). Los datos cuantitativos fueron analizados usando el software SPSS y los datos cualitativos (teoría fundada) mediante software Atlas.ti®. Por último, se procedió a la triangulación de la información de ambas fuentes. RESULTADOS: Un total de 295 de un universo de estudiantes de 362 contestaron los cuestionarios (81%). El promedio global del cuestionario DREEM fue de 135,74 ± 19,15, lo que revela un AE «más positivo que negativo». La mayor fortaleza fue la percepción de la calidad de los docentes (73%) y el dominio con más baja percepción fue la atmósfera (63%). Los datos cualitativos permitieron complementar y enriquecer los resultados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción del AE entre hombres y mujeres. CONCLUSIONES: La medición del AE permitió identificar las principales fortalezas y aspectos por mejorar, lo cual servirá de base para un futuro plan de mejoramiento, autoevaluación y proceso de acreditación

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The educational environment (EE) has become relevant in the past decades, due to the impact it has on the learning process, social life, and future professional work of the students. The aim of this study is to measure the perception of the EE in undergraduate students of the Kinesiology course in the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. METHODS: Mix methodology was used. Quantitative component: the DREEM (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure) questionnaire was completed by 1st to 4th year students. Qualitative field: based on open question analysis. The items, domains and overall score of the DREEM are described by the mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student-t test for independent samples and ANOVA (more than 2 cohorts). The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software, and the qualitative data (grounded theory) by Atlas.ti® software. The information from both sources was triangulated. RESULTS: A total of 295 students out of 362 completed the questionnaires (81%). The overall mean of the DREEM questionnaire was 135.74±19.15, revealing a «more positive than negative» EE. The major strength was the perception of the teacher quality (73%), and the domain with the lowest perception was the atmosphere (63%). The qualitative data was used to complement and enrich the results. No significant difference was found in the perception of EE between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: EE measurement was able to identify the main strengths and aspects to improve. This could serve as the basis for a future improvement plan, self-evaluation, and accreditation process

Competencias pedagógicas del tutor clínico: ¿qué tan competentes se perciben los tutores de cinesiología? / Teaching competencies in clinical preceptor: how competent do physiotherapy tutors perceive themselves?

Introducción: La docencia clínica es diferente a la docencia de aula, pues está más estrechamente vinculada al desarrollo del perfil profesional de los estudiantes de la salud y ocurre en espacios de atención al paciente. Por lo mismo, requiere competencias específicas de los tutores clínicos que guían este momento formativo. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo donde se encuestó a 70 tutores clínicos de cinesiología. A estos se les aplicó el cuestionario de competencias para tutores clínicos, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Los tutores clínicos tienen una percepción positiva de sus competencias pedagógicas, pero son más críticos de sus capacidades para diseñar recursos, evaluar y planificar. Igualmente, estas percepciones mostraron estar asociadas a la capacitación disciplinar, la capacitación pedagógica y la especialidad cinesiológica. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran la importancia del perfeccionamiento docente para el desarrollo de competencias pedagógicas, sobre todo de aquellas no vinculadas a la docencia directa. Igualmente, subrayan el carácter contextualizado de las competencias

Introduction: Clinical teaching is different from classroom teaching, because it is more closely linked to professional development. For this reason, it requires specific competences in clinical preceptors who guide this formative moment. Subjects and methods: A quantitative study was conducted, where 70 clinical preceptors of physiotherapy were surveyed. The Clinical Preceptors Competencies Questionnaire was applied to them, with prior informed consent. Results: Clinical tutors had a positive perception of their pedagogical competencies, but they are more critical of their capacities for resource design, evaluation and planning. Likewise, these perceptions are related to disciplinary training, pedagogical training and physiotherapy specialty. Conclusion: Results show the importance of teaching training for the development of pedagogical competencies, especially those not linked to direct teaching. The context dependent nature of competencies is also underlined

Relación entre los logros de aprendizaje teórico y práctico de la asignatura Kinesiología Músculo-Esquelética / Relationship between the theoretical and practical learning achievements in the Skeletal Muscle Kinesiology subject and its evaluation methods

OBJETIVO: Describir la relación entre los resultados de aprendizaje teórico y práctico de la asignatura de Kinesiología Músculo-Esquelética de la carrera de Kinesiología. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los resultados en las evaluaciones teóricas y prácticas de 161 estudiantes de la asignatura Kinesiología Músculo-Esquelética durante el periodo 2014-2017 en 4 cursos. Se estudiaron las relaciones entre los resultados teóricos y prácticos a través de la correlación de Spearman y se graficaron regresiones lineales. RESULTADOS: El rendimiento teórico promedio del total de la muestra fue del 48,3% y el rendimiento práctico, del 59,9%. No existió relación entre los resultados teóricos y los prácticos (r = 0,073, p = 0,53). De los 4 cursos evaluados, 2 no presentaron relación significativa, uno presentó una correlación negativa débil (r = −0,315, p = 0,042) y otro presentó una relación positiva débil (r = 0,283, p = 0,046). CONCLUSIONES: Se puede concluir, a través de los resultados de este estudio, que no existe una relación entre los resultados obtenidos de las evaluaciones teóricas de la asignatura y las evaluaciones prácticas para la muestra evaluada (r = 0,073, p = 0,53). Las evaluaciones prácticas presentan resultados más satisfactorios, con un nivel de logro mayor que en las pruebas teóricas. Estos datos sugieren que un buen resultado en evaluaciones teóricas no está relacionado ni predice un resultado similar en evaluaciones prácticas

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between the theoretical and practical learning outcomes in the subject of skeletal muscle kinesiology of the kinesiology degree. METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out on of the theoretical and practical evaluations of 161 students of skeletal muscle kinesiology in four courses during the 2014-2017 period. A study was made on the relationships between theoretical and practical results using the Spearman correlation and by plotting linear regressions. RESULTS: The overall theoretical mean of the total sample was 48.3%, and the practical mean was 59.9%. There was no relationship between the theoretical and practical results (r = .073, P = .53). In the four courses evaluated, two of them did not show a significant relationship, one had a weak negative correlation (r = -.315, P = .042), and the other had a weak positive relationship (r = .283, P = .046). CONCLUSIONS: By the analysis of results of this study it can be concluded that there is no relationship between the results obtained from the theoretical evaluations of the subjects and the practical evaluations for the sample evaluated (r = .073, P = .53). Practical evaluations showed more satisfactory results, with a higher level of achievement than in the theoretical tests. These data suggest that a good result in theoretical evaluations is not related to or predicts a similar result in practical evaluations

Estudio de la percepción sobre metodologías de enseñanza, experiencia académica previa y su relación con el rendimiento / Student perception over teaching methods, academic background and its relation to academic performance

Introducción: Se ha descrito que una favorable percepción de los estudiantes sobre un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje constituye un aspecto relevante que favorece el desempeño académico. Sin embargo, existe escasa información sobre otros factores de riesgo académico de los estudiantes que ingresan en la educación superior. Objetivo: Conocer la experiencia académica previa de los estudiantes de cinesiología, su percepción sobre las metodologías de enseñanza y su relación con el rendimiento. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se estudiaron 108 alumnos de la Escuela de Cinesiología de la asignatura 'Anatomía del aparato locomotor'. Se diseñó y validó un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de satisfacción y la experiencia académica previa. Posteriormente se aplicó a los estudiantes y se registraron sus calificaciones durante el semestre. Resultados: Los estudiantes evaluaron positivamente la gestión docente en metodología y enseñanza en sus tres dimensiones, obteniendo una puntuación de 3,5 ± 0,3. Sin embargo, el 65,7% de los estudiantes reprobó la asignatura. Los resultados indican que no hay una relación directa entre la metodología de enseñanza y el rendimiento académico. No obstante, la experiencia académica previa parece ser de gran importancia. Conclusión: Es necesario debatir sobre variables de índole académica, como la experiencia previa de los estudiantes, que constituyen factores de predicción del éxito académico y también aquellas que favorecen el burnout académico, e incorporar estrategias de apoyo a estudiantes que presentan estas características para un mejor desempeño académico

Introduction: It is known that a positive student perception about the teaching and learning process is a relevant aspect which improves academic performance. However, there are few studies that consider other academic factors acting upon students who enroll in higher education. Aim: To find out about the academic background of physical therapy students, their perception about teaching methods and its relation to academic performance. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. Sample consisted of 108 physical therapy students who enrolled in a Locomotor Anatomy course. A questionnaire to assess perceived satisfaction and academic background was designed, which was validated and then applied to students. In addition, students' grades were register during semester. Results: Students gave positive ratings to teachers' performance about teaching methods in all three dimensions, with a score above 3.5 ± 0.3. Yet, 65.7% of alumni failed the course. Results showed no direct relationship between teaching methods and academic performance. However, academic background seems very important. Conclusion: Variables such as students' academic background, which are considered predicting factors associated with academic success, should be discussed as well as those associated with academic burnout. It is recommended to incorporate supporting strategies for students with such characteristics in order to improve their academic performance

The effects of a teaching intervention on weight bias among kinesiology undergraduate students.

OBJECTIVES: Weight bias is present among kinesiology professionals and this may cause a significant negative impact on their clients with obesity. Thus, our objective was to test if learning about uncontrollable cause of obesity and about weight bias would reduce explicit and implicit weight bias among kinesiology undergraduate students compared to the traditional curriculum which is more focused on controllable causes of weight gain. METHODS: We recruited undergraduates from two classes of the same kinesiology major course taught by the same instructor. In-class teaching activities consisted of 80 min lecture on day 1, video watching session and a group activity on day 3 for both groups. Intervention group (n = 33) learned about uncontrollable causes of obesity and about weight bias and had activities to evoke empathy. Control group (n = 34) learned the traditional curriculum where they learned the role of exercise and diet in weight management. We measured explicit and implicit weight bias using Anti-Fat Attitude Test (AFAT) and Implicit Association Test (IAT), respectively pre-intervention, immediate post intervention and 1 month later. RESULTS: In mixed model analysis, AFAT Blame scores had significant group by time interaction (p < 0.001). Blame scores significantly reduced with mean differences (standard error (SE)) of -0.35 (0.08) post intervention (p < 0.001) and persisted to be reduced with mean differences (SE) of -0.39 (0.08) even after 4-week follow-up (p < 0.001) only in the intervention group. Odds of having less implicit weight bias was significantly lower at 4-week follow-up than pre-intervention (odds ratio = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.22-0.73) in the control group but no changes were seen in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: "Blame" component of explicit weight bias significantly decreased when students learned about controllable causes of obesity and weight bias, but implicit bias did not reduce. However, implicit weight bias appears to increase when education on obesity is limited to diet and exercise interventions as taught in the traditional curriculum.

Guided Hands-On Activities Can Improve Student Learning in a Lecture-Based Qualitative Biomechanics Course.

A qualitative biomechanics (functional anatomy) course is a typical course in kinesiology curriculum. Most evidence suggests that biomechanics learning could be improved with the inclusion of laboratory experiences. However, implementing laboratories into biomechanics curriculum is difficult due to cost and time constraints. This study was conducted to evaluate whether hands-on activities in lecture improve qualitative biomechanics learning. A lecture format was compared to the same course with guided and unguided hands-on activities included during lecture. Test performance and student evaluations were compared between lecture formats to determine if hands-on experiences improve learning. The hands-on group performed better on the same test questions and they evaluated their overall course activities as beneficial to their learning. The findings suggest that guided hands-on experiences may improve learning compared to unguided activities. The hands-on experiences seem to provide an embodied cognitive learning experience, facilitating retention of learned material through three-dimensional and tactile mental representations. Findings from this research are currently shaping how biomechanics is taught to students at this university and could at other universities as well.

Estrategia metodológica para enseñar innovación en estudiantes de cinesiología / A methodological strategy to teach innovation in Kinesiology students

Introducción: Se realiza una adaptación del design thinking para enseñar innovación a estudiantes de cinesiología. Sujetos y métodos: Se utiliza un diseño cuasiexperimental con pre y postest y dos grupos de tratamiento evaluados con un cuestionario que mide la percepción de capacidad en habilidades para innovar. Resultados: Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en ambos grupos con aumento en el postest. Conclusiones: La estrategia muestra un efecto importante sobre la calidad de los proyectos, la percepción de dominio y de capacidad para innovar

Introduction: This paper do an adaptation of design thinking methodology to teach innovation to Kinesiology students. Subjects and methods: It use a quasi-experimental design with pre and post-test, and two treatment groups evaluated with a questionnaire that measures capacity in innovation skills perception. Results: Shows statistically significant differences between the groups with an increase in the post-test. Conclusions: The strategy shows an important effect in the project quality, the domain perception and the perceived capacity to innovate

Evaluación de competencias en prácticas cinésicas preprofesionales. Aportaciones del Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) / Skills assessment in practice prekinesiology professionals. Contributions of the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX)

Introducción. Hasta el momento, la evaluación en las carreras de licenciatura en cinesiología contempla contenidos conceptuales, además de que el estudiante desarrolle en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje contenidos procedimentales y actitudinales. Las competencias necesarias para el ejercicio de la cinesiología afectan los dominios procedimentales y actitudinales, más allá de los conceptuales, lo que pone de manifiesto la insuficiencia de las evaluaciones tradicionales. Por tal motivo se analizó la aplicación y las aportaciones de un instrumento de evaluación holística, el mini-CEX. Sujetos y métodos. Se aplicó una planilla del mini-CEX adaptada a 125 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de la carrera de licenciatura en cinesiología que cursan asignaturas específicas de práctica profesional. Resultados. Participaron 125 estudiantes en 20 evaluaciones (cinco en cada asignatura), con una media de 1,3 a 4,6, que fue mejorando en cada evaluación. El tiempo de cada una fue de 20 minutos. Conclusión. El instrumento constituye un aportación a la evaluación de competencias en estudiantes de cinesiología (AU)

Introduction. So far, the evaluation Degree Careers in Kinesiology, provide conceptual, regardless students develop in the teaching-learning process in the field, procedural and attitudinal. The skills required for the exercise of kinesiology undertake procedural and attitudinal domains, beyond the conceptual, which highlights the inadequacy of traditional assessments. Therefore the applicability and reliability of an instrument of holistic assessment, the mini-CEX analyzed. Subjects and methods. A form of mini-CEX 125 adapted to fourth and fifth year of the Bachelor in Kinesiology specific subjects enrolled in professional practice applies. Results. 125 students participated in 20 evaluations (five in each subject) with an average of 1.3 to 4.6, which was improving with every evaluation. Each time was 20 minutes. Conclusion. It is concluded that the reliability and feasibility study indicated when applied kinesiology students (AU)

Prevalencia de estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primer semestre de tercero, cuarto y quinto año, y de estilos docentes de la carrera de Cinesiología, Universidad de Antofagasta Guido / Prevalence of the learning styles of students in the first semester of the third, fourth and fifth years, and of the teaching styles of the Bachelor’s Degree in Kinesiology, University of Antofagasta

Introducción. Este artículo caracterizó los estilos de aprendizaje y estilos docentes de estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de cinesiología, identificando los estilos de aprendizaje de 124 estudiantes y los estilos docentes de 21 docentes de dicha carrera, para proponer estrategias educativas que aporten al modelo pedagógico de la universidad y al mejoramiento del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Sujetos y métodos. Utilizando el cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje de Honey-Alonso, y para describir los resultados, se consideró el baremo general de preferencia en estilos de aprendizaje de Alonso et al y las puntuaciones de los estudiantes según su nivel académico. Los estilos docentes fueron explorados mediante el cuestionario de estilos de enseñanza validado para Chile. Resultados. Los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes son diferentes según su nivel académico, y son de predominio teórico-pragmático en tercer año, y activo-reflexivo en cuarto y quinto años. Los estilos docentes resultaron ser preferentemente formal y funcional, y favorecen los estilos de aprendizaje reflexivo y pragmático. Conclusiones. Los autores estiman que las modificaciones de los estilos de aprendizaje responden a las características del currículo y las características de los estilos docentes antes y después del tercer año, y a partir de los resultados propondrán al departamento las estrategias de enseñanza que aporten a la docencia y optimización de la calidad del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la carrera (AU)

Introduction. This article characterises the learning and teaching styles of the students and the teaching staff in the Bachelor’s Degree in Kinesiology by identifying the learning styles of 124 students and the teaching styles of 21 members of the teaching staff of this degree course, with the aim of proposing educational strategies that contribute to the pedagogical model of the university and to improve the teaching and learning process. Subjects and methods. The Honey-Alonso learning styles questionnaire was utilised, and the results were described using the general scale of preference in learning styles of Alonso et al. and students’ scores according to their academic level. The teaching styles were explored by means of the teaching styles questionnaire, validated for Chile. Results. Students’ learning styles differ according to their academic level, and are predominantly theoretical-pragmatic in the third year and active-reflective in the fourth and fifth years. The teaching styles were preferably formal and functional and favour reflective and pragmatic learning styles. Conclusions. The authors estimate that the modifications of the learning styles are due to the characteristics of the curriculum and the characteristics of the teaching styles before and after the third year. From the results, they will propose, for consideration by the department, teaching strategies that contribute to teaching and optimise the quality of the teaching and learning process of the students of this degree course (AU)